Farantin karfe

Karfe ne mai lebur wanda ake jefawa da narkakkar karfe ana matse shi bayan ya huce.
Lebur ne, rectangular kuma ana iya mirgina shi kai tsaye ko a yanke shi daga faffadan faffadan karfe.
An rarraba farantin karfe bisa kauri, farantin karfe na bakin ciki bai wuce 4 mm ba (mafi ƙarancin 0.2 mm), farantin karfe mai kauri shine 4-60 mm, ƙarin kauri farantin karfe shine 60-115. mm.
An raba zanen gadon ƙarfe zuwa mai jujjuyawa mai zafi da sanyi gwargwadon mirgina.
Nisa na bakin ciki farantin ne 500 ~ 1500 mm; nisa daga cikin lokacin farin ciki takardar ne 600 ~ 3000 mm. Sheets suna classified da karfe irin, ciki har da talakawa karfe, high quality-karfe, gami karfe, spring karfe, bakin karfe, kayan aiki karfe, zafi-resistant karfe, hali karfe, silicon karfe da masana'antu tsarki karfe takardar, da dai sauransu.; Enamel farantin, harsashi farantin, da dai sauransu bisa ga surface shafi, akwai galvanized takardar, tin-plated takardar, gubar-plated takardar, filastik hada karfe farantin, da dai sauransu.
Low gami tsarin karfe
(kuma aka sani da talakawa low gami karfe, HSLA)
1. Manufar
An fi amfani da shi wajen kera gadoji, jiragen ruwa, ababen hawa, tukunyar jirgi, manyan jiragen ruwa, bututun mai da iskar gas, manyan sassa na karfe, da dai sauransu.
2. Bukatun aiki
(1) Babban ƙarfi: gabaɗaya ƙarfin yawan amfanin sa yana sama da 300MPa.
(2) Babban tauri: ana buƙatar elongation don zama 15% zuwa 20%, kuma tasirin tasiri a cikin zafin jiki ya fi 600kJ / m zuwa 800kJ / m. Don manyan abubuwan da aka welded, ana kuma buƙatar babban taurin karaya.
(3) Good waldi yi da sanyi kafa yi.
(4) Low sanyi-raguwa zafin jiki.
(5) Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata.
3. Halayen sinadarai
(1) Low carbon: Saboda babban buƙatun don tauri, weldability da sanyi formability, da carbon abun ciki bai wuce 0.20%.
(2) Ƙara abubuwa masu haɗakar da manganese.
(3) Ƙara ƙarin abubuwa kamar niobium, titanium ko vanadium: ƙananan niobium, titanium ko vanadium suna samar da carbides masu kyau ko carbonitrides a cikin karfe, wanda ke da amfani don samun hatsi mai kyau na ferrite da inganta ƙarfi da taurin karfe.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙara ƙaramin adadin jan karfe (≤0.4%) da phosphorus (kimanin 0.1%) na iya inganta juriya na lalata. Ƙara ƙaramin adadin abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya na iya lalatawa da tsagewa, tsarkake ƙarfe, da haɓaka ƙarfi da aiki.
4. Ƙarfe tsarin ƙarfe da aka fi amfani dashi
16Mn shine nau'in ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da aka fi amfani da shi kuma mafi inganci a cikin ƙasata. Tsarin da ake amfani da shi shine ferrite-pearlite mai kyau, kuma ƙarfinsa yana da kusan 20% zuwa 30% sama da na yau da kullun na tsarin ƙarfe Q235, kuma juriyar lalatawar yanayi shine 20% zuwa 38% mafi girma.
15MnVN shine karfen da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin karafa masu matsakaicin ƙarfi. Yana da babban ƙarfi, kuma mai kyau tauri, weldability da ƙananan zafin jiki taurin, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai wajen kera manyan sifofi kamar gadoji, tukunyar jirgi, da jiragen ruwa.
Bayan matakin ƙarfin ya wuce 500MPa, tsarin ferrite da pearlite suna da wahala don saduwa da buƙatun, don haka ana haɓaka ƙaramin ƙarfe bainitic carbon. Bugu da ƙari na Cr, Mo, Mn, B da sauran abubuwa suna da amfani don samun tsarin bainite a ƙarƙashin yanayin sanyi na iska, don haka ƙarfin ya fi girma, aikin filastik da walda kuma sun fi kyau, kuma ana amfani dashi mafi yawa a cikin tukunyar jirgi mai matsa lamba. , Tashoshi masu yawan gaske, da dai sauransu.
5. Halayen maganin zafi
Irin wannan nau'in karfe ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi da sanyaya iska kuma baya buƙatar maganin zafi na musamman. Karamin tsarin da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya ferrite + sorbite ne.
Alloy carburized karfe
1. Manufar
Ana amfani da shi musamman wajen kera na'urorin watsawa a cikin motoci da tarakta, camshafts, fistan fistan da sauran sassan inji akan injunan konewa na ciki. Irin waɗannan sassa suna fama da juzu'i mai ƙarfi da lalacewa yayin aiki, kuma a lokaci guda suna ɗaukar manyan nau'ikan canzawa, musamman tasirin tasiri.
2. Bukatun aiki
(1) The surface carburized Layer yana da babban tauri don tabbatar da kyau kwarai juriya juriya da lamba gajiya juriya, kazalika da dace roba da tauri.
(2) Jigon yana da babban tauri da isasshen ƙarfi. Lokacin da tauri na ainihin bai isa ba, yana da sauƙin karya a ƙarƙashin aikin tasirin tasiri ko nauyi; lokacin da ƙarfin bai isa ba, raguwar carburized Layer yana sauƙi karye kuma a cire shi.
(3) Kyakkyawan aikin tsarin kula da zafi A ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki na carburizing (900 ℃～950 ℃), hatsin Austenite ba su da sauƙin girma kuma suna da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
3. Halayen sinadarai
(1) Ƙananan carbon: abun cikin carbon gabaɗaya shine 0.10% zuwa 0.25%, don haka ainihin ɓangaren yana da isasshen filastik da tauri.
(2) Ƙara abubuwan haɗaka don haɓaka taurin kai: Cr, Ni, Mn, B, da sauransu ana ƙara su akai-akai.
(3) Ƙara abubuwan da ke hana haɓakar hatsi na austenite: yawanci ƙara ƙaramin adadin carbide mai ƙarfi masu haɓaka abubuwan Ti, V, W, Mo, da sauransu don samar da barga gami carbides.
4. Karfe daraja da daraja
20Cr low hardenability gami carburized karfe. Wannan nau'in karfe yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙarfi.
20CrMnTi matsakaici hardenability gami carburized karfe. Irin wannan karfe yana da high hardenability, low overheating ji na ƙwarai, in mun gwada da uniform carburizing mika mulki Layer, da kyau inji da fasaha Properties.
18Cr2Ni4WA da 20Cr2Ni4A babban hardenability gami carburized karfe. Irin wannan ƙarfe ya ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwa kamar Cr da Ni, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kuma yana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da ƙarancin zafi mai ƙarfi.
5. Heat magani da microstructure Properties
The zafi magani tsari na gami carburized karfe ne kullum kai tsaye quenching bayan carburizing, sa'an nan tempering a low zazzabi. Bayan zafi jiyya, da tsarin na surface carburized Layer ne gami cementite + tempered martensite + wani karamin adadin riƙe austenite, da taurin ne 60HRC ~ 62HRC. Tsarin mahimmanci yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da girman giciye na sassan. Lokacin da ya taurare gabaɗaya, yana da ƙarancin carbon-carbon tempered martensite tare da taurin 40HRC zuwa 48HRC; a mafi yawan lokuta, shi ne troostite, martensite mai zafi da ƙananan ƙarfe. Jikin abu, taurin shine 25HRC ~ 40HRC. Taurin zuciya gabaɗaya ya fi 700KJ/m2.
Alloy quenched da tempered karfe
1. Manufar
Alloy quenched da tempered karfe ana amfani da ko'ina a kera na daban-daban muhimmanci sassa a kan motoci, tarakta, inji kayan aikin da sauran inji, kamar gears, shafts, connecting sanduna, kusoshi, da dai sauransu.
2. Bukatun aiki
Yawancin sassan da aka kashe da zafin jiki suna ɗaukar nauyin aiki iri-iri, yanayin damuwa yana da wuyar gaske, kuma ana buƙatar manyan kayan aikin injiniya, wato, ƙarfin ƙarfi da kyawawan filastik da tauri. Alloy quenched da tempered karfe kuma na bukatar mai kyau taurin. Duk da haka, yanayin damuwa na sassa daban-daban sun bambanta, kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don hardening sun bambanta.
3. Halayen sinadarai
(1) Matsakaicin carbon: abun cikin carbon gabaɗaya tsakanin 0.25% da 0.50%, tare da 0.4% a yawancin;
(2) Ƙara abubuwan Cr, Mn, Ni, Si, da dai sauransu don inganta ƙarfin aiki: Baya ga inganta ƙarfin ƙarfi, waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar suna iya samar da alloy ferrite da inganta ƙarfin karfe. Alal misali, aikin 40Cr karfe bayan quenching da tempering jiyya ya fi girma fiye da na karfe 45;
(3) Ƙara abubuwan da za su hana nau'i na biyu na tashin hankali: alloy quenched da m karfe dauke da Ni, Cr, da Mn, wanda ke da wuya ga nau'i na biyu na tashin hankali lokacin zafi mai zafi da sanyi. Ƙara Mo da W zuwa karfe na iya hana nau'in fushi na biyu, kuma abun ciki mai dacewa shine kusan 0.15% -0.30% Mo ko 0.8% -1.2% W.
Kwatanta kaddarorin 45 karfe da 40Cr karfe bayan quenching da tempering
Matsayin ƙarfe da yanayin maganin zafi Girman sashe / mm sb / MPa ss / MPa d5 / % y /% ak / kJ / m2
45 karfe 850 ℃ ruwa quenching, 550 ℃ tempering f50 700 500 15 45 700
40Cr karfe 850 ℃ man quenching, 570 ℃ tempering f50 (core) 850 670 16 58 1000
4. Karfe daraja da daraja
(1) 40Cr low hardenability quenched da tempered karfe: Mahimmancin diamita na man quenching irin wannan karfe ne 30mm zuwa 40mm, wanda ake amfani da su kerarre muhimman sassa na general size.
(2) 35CrMo matsakaici hardenability gami quenched da tempered karfe: m diamita na man quenching na irin wannan karfe ne 40mm zuwa 60mm. Bugu da kari na molybdenum ba zai iya kawai inganta taurin, amma kuma hana na biyu nau'i na fushi brittleness.
(3) 40CrNiMo high hardenability gami quenched da tempered karfe: m diamita na man quenching na irin wannan karfe ne 60mm-100mm, wanda mafi yawansu chromium-nickel karfe. Ƙara molybdenum mai dacewa zuwa karfe na chromium-nickel ba kawai yana da ƙarfi mai kyau ba, amma kuma yana kawar da nau'i na biyu na haushi.
5. Heat magani da microstructure Properties
Maganin zafi na ƙarshe na alloy quenched da karfe mai zafi yana kashewa da zafin jiki mai zafi (quenching da tempering). Alloy quenched da tempered karfe yana da high hardenability, kuma mai gaba ɗaya amfani. Lokacin da taurin yana da girma musamman, yana iya zama ma sanyaya iska, wanda zai iya rage lahani na maganin zafi.
Ƙarshe na ƙarshe na gami quenched da ƙarancin ƙarfe sun dogara da zafin jiki. Kullum, ana amfani da tempering a 500 ℃-650 ℃. Ta zabar zafin zafin jiki, ana iya samun abubuwan da ake buƙata. Don hana nau'in tashin hankali na biyu, saurin sanyaya (sanyiwar ruwa ko sanyaya mai) bayan zafin jiki yana da amfani ga haɓaka tauri.
Microstructure na gami quenched da zafin karfe bayan na al'ada zafi magani ne tempered sorbite. Don ɓangarorin da ke buƙatar filaye masu jure lalacewa (kamar gears da spindles), ana yin quenching na dumama ƙasa da ƙarancin zafin jiki, kuma tsarin saman yana da zafi martensite. Taurin saman na iya kaiwa 55HRC ~ 58HRC.
Ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi na gami da ƙarancin ƙarfe bayan quenching da tempering yana kusan 800MPa, kuma tasirin tasirin shine 800kJ / m2, kuma taurin ainihin zai iya kaiwa 22HRC ~ 25HRC. Idan girman ɓangaren giciye yana da girma kuma ba a taurare ba, aikin yana raguwa sosai.